{"meta":{"name":"Socle d'entités — Architecture XXe–XXIe siècle · Arc Baltique + Finlande · Bloc 1","name_en":"Entity base — 20th–21st c. architecture · Baltic arc + Finland · Block 1","version":"2026-10-14","license":"CC BY 4.0","jsonld":"https://pierrejeantribot.com/socle/socle-bloc1.jsonld","note":"Identities anchored on Wikidata (verified 2026-10-14). Editorial text: French original (desc_fr), English translation (desc_en)."},"lieux":[{"id":"lieu/tallinn-estonia-teater","city":"Tallinn","type":"PerformingArtsTheater","name":"Estonia teater","name_en":"Estonia Theatre","name_fr":"Théâtre Estonia / Opéra national","wikidata":"Q11704264","lat":59.434722,"lon":24.750833,"address":"Estonia puiestee 4, Tallinn","architects":[{"id":"person/armas-lindgren","name":"Armas Lindgren"},{"id":"person/wivi-lonn","name":"Wivi Lönn"}],"period":"1911–1913","period_en":"1911–1913","style_fr":"Jugendstil (romantisme national)","style_en":"Jugendstil (National Romanticism)","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Romantisme national et fonctionnalisme (1910–1940)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — National Romanticism and Functionalism (1910–1940)","desc_fr":"Premier grand édifice culturel de la nation estonienne émergente ; détruit en mars 1944, reconstruit.","desc_en":"First major cultural building of the emerging Estonian nation; destroyed in March 1944, rebuilt.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/tallinn-eesti-draamateater","city":"Tallinn","type":"PerformingArtsTheater","name":"Eesti Draamateater","name_en":"Building of the Estonian Drama Theatre","name_fr":"Théâtre dramatique estonien","wikidata":"Q55984335","lat":59.434692,"lon":24.748868,"address":"Pärnu maantee 5, 10143 Tallinn","architects":[{"id":"person/nikolai-vassiliev","name":"Nikolai Vassiliev"},{"id":"person/alexei-boubyr","name":"Alexeï Boubyr"}],"period":"1910","period_en":"1910","style_fr":"Art nouveau / romantisme national","style_en":"Art Nouveau / National Romanticism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Romantisme national et fonctionnalisme (1910–1940)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — National Romanticism and Functionalism (1910–1940)","desc_fr":"Exemple majeur du Jugendstil nord-européen, bâti pour la société théâtrale allemande de Reval.","desc_en":"Major example of Northern European Jugendstil, built for the German theatre society of Reval.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata","wikidataArchitectsDiffer":["Aleksey Fyodorovich Bubyr'"]}},{"id":"lieu/tallinn-riigikogu-hoone","city":"Tallinn","type":"GovernmentBuilding","name":"Riigikogu hoone","name_en":"Toompea Castle","name_fr":"Bâtiment du Parlement (château de Toompea)","wikidata":"Q859010","lat":59.435556,"lon":24.737222,"address":"Lossi plats 1a, Toompea, 10137 Tallinn","architects":[{"id":"person/eugen-habermann","name":"Eugen Habermann"},{"id":"person/herbert-johanson","name":"Herbert Johanson"}],"period":"1920–1922","period_en":"1920–1922","style_fr":"expressionnisme (intérieur)","style_en":"Expressionism (interior)","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Romantisme national et fonctionnalisme (1910–1940)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — National Romanticism and Functionalism (1910–1940)","desc_fr":"Classé n°1 des réalisations du siècle (Union des architectes estoniens) ; présenté comme le seul bâtiment parlementaire expressionniste au monde.","desc_en":"Ranked no. 1 achievement of the century (Union of Estonian Architects); presented as the only Expressionist parliament building in the world.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/tallinn-tallinna-kunstihoone","city":"Tallinn","type":"Museum","name":"Tallinna Kunstihoone","name_en":"Tallinn Art Hall","name_fr":"Halle d'art de Tallinn","wikidata":"Q18625817","lat":59.434312,"lon":24.74489,"address":"Vabaduse väljak 6, Tallinn","architects":[{"id":"person/anton-soans","name":"Anton Soans"},{"id":"person/edgar-johan-kuusik","name":"Edgar Johan Kuusik"}],"period":"1934","period_en":"1934","style_fr":"fonctionnalisme","style_en":"Functionalism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Romantisme national et fonctionnalisme (1910–1940)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — National Romanticism and Functionalism (1910–1940)","desc_fr":"Manifeste du fonctionnalisme estonien sur la place de la Liberté ; rouvert fin 2026 après rénovation.","desc_en":"Manifesto of Estonian Functionalism on Freedom Square; reopened in late 2026 after renovation.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/tallinn-tallinna-tuletorjemaja","city":"Tallinn","type":"GovernmentBuilding","name":"Tallinna Tuletõrjemaja","name_en":null,"name_fr":"Caserne de pompiers de Tallinn","wikidata":null,"lat":null,"lon":null,"address":"Raua tänav, Tallinn (n° à confirmer)","architects":[{"id":"person/herbert-johanson","name":"Herbert Johanson"}],"period":"1936–1939","period_en":"1936–1939","style_fr":"fonctionnalisme","style_en":"Functionalism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Romantisme national et fonctionnalisme (1910–1940)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — National Romanticism and Functionalism (1910–1940)","desc_fr":"Top 10 des réalisations du siècle.","desc_en":"Top 10 achievements of the century.","verification":{"status":"no-wikidata-item"}},{"id":"lieu/tallinn-lauluvaljak","city":"Tallinn","type":"CivicStructure","name":"Lauluväljak","name_en":"Tallinn Song Festival Grounds","name_fr":"Scène du Champ de chant","wikidata":"Q1253709","lat":59.444737,"lon":24.80567,"address":"Kadriorg, Tallinn","architects":[{"id":"person/alar-kotli","name":"Alar Kotli"},{"id":"person/henno-sepmann","name":"Henno Sepmann"},{"id":"person/endel-paalmann","name":"Endel Paalmann"}],"period":"coque 1959 (inaug. 1960)","period_en":"shell 1959 (opened 1960)","style_fr":"modernisme","style_en":"Modernism","layer_fr":"Strate 2 — Période soviétique (1945–1991)","layer_en":"Layer 2 — Soviet period (1945–1991)","desc_fr":"Lieu-symbole des Fêtes du chant et de la « Révolution chantante » de 1988 ; top 10 du siècle.","desc_en":"Symbolic site of the Song Festivals and of the 1988 \"Singing Revolution\"; top 10 of the century.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata","sourceDocumentCoordGap_m":2827}},{"id":"lieu/tallinn-hotel-viru","city":"Tallinn","type":"Hotel","name":"Hotel Viru","name_en":"Viru Hotel","name_fr":"Original Sokos Hotel Viru","wikidata":"Q114555301","lat":59.436586,"lon":24.755019,"address":"Viru väljak 4, 10111 Tallinn","architects":[{"id":"person/henno-sepmann","name":"Henno Sepmann"},{"id":"person/mart-port","name":"Mart Port"}],"period":"1969–1972","period_en":"1969–1972","style_fr":"modernisme soviétique","style_en":"Soviet Modernism","layer_fr":"Strate 2 — Période soviétique (1945–1991)","layer_en":"Layer 2 — Soviet period (1945–1991)","desc_fr":"Premier gratte-ciel de Tallinn, vitrine touristique soviétique et poste d'écoute du KGB.","desc_en":"Tallinn's first skyscraper, a Soviet tourist showcase and KGB listening post.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/tallinn-tallinna-teletorn","city":"Tallinn","type":"CivicStructure","name":"Tallinna Teletorn","name_en":"Tallinn TV Tower","name_fr":"Tour de télévision de Tallinn","wikidata":"Q1365010","lat":59.471111,"lon":24.8875,"address":"Kloostrimetsa tee 58a, Pirita, Tallinn","architects":[{"id":"person/david-baziladze","name":"David Baziladze"},{"id":"person/juri-sinis","name":"Juri Sinis"}],"period":"1975–1980","period_en":"1975–1980","style_fr":"modernisme structurel","style_en":"structural Modernism","layer_fr":"Strate 2 — Période soviétique (1945–1991)","layer_en":"Layer 2 — Soviet period (1945–1991)","desc_fr":"314 m, plus haute structure d'Estonie, bâtie pour la régate olympique de 1980 ; haut lieu de la résistance de 1991.","desc_en":"314 m, the tallest structure in Estonia, built for the 1980 Olympic regatta; a key site of the 1991 resistance.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/tallinn-linnahall","city":"Tallinn","type":"MusicVenue","name":"Linnahall","name_en":"Linnahall","name_fr":"ex-Palais V. I. 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Struve 1, 50091 Tartu","architects":[{"id":"person/kalju-valdre","name":"Kalju Valdre"},{"id":"person/mart-kalling","name":"Mart Kalling"}],"period":"1976–1982","period_en":"1976–1982","style_fr":"modernisme tardif soviétique","style_en":"late Soviet Modernism","layer_fr":null,"layer_en":null,"desc_fr":"Plus grande bibliothèque académique d'Estonie.","desc_en":"Largest academic library in Estonia.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata","sourceDocumentCoordGap_m":520}},{"id":"lieu/tartu-eesti-rahva-muuseum-erm","city":"Tartu","type":"Museum","name":"Eesti Rahva Muuseum (ERM)","name_en":"Estonian National Museum","name_fr":"Musée national estonien","wikidata":"Q1370397","lat":58.396,"lon":26.748,"address":"Muuseumi tee 2, 60532 Tartu (Raadi)","architects":[{"id":"org/dgt-architects","name":"DGT Architects"}],"period":"2008–2016","period_en":"2008–2016","style_fr":"contemporain (« Memory Field »)","style_en":"contemporary (\"Memory Field\")","layer_fr":null,"layer_en":null,"desc_fr":"Bâtiment contemporain majeur, long de 355 m, toit prolongeant la piste d'un ancien aérodrome soviétique ; façade sérigraphiée de bleuets.","desc_en":"Major contemporary building, 355 m long, its roof extending the runway of a former Soviet airfield; façade screen-printed with cornflowers.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"source-document-approximate","anchoredTo":"institution (no separate building item on Wikidata)"}},{"id":"lieu/tartu-teaduskeskus-ahhaa","city":"Tartu","type":"Museum","name":"Teaduskeskus AHHAA","name_en":"AHHAA","name_fr":"Centre scientifique AHHAA","wikidata":"Q3741056","lat":58.379,"lon":26.733,"address":"Sadama 1 (à confirmer), Tartu","architects":[{"id":"org/kunnapu-padrik","name":"Künnapu & Padrik"}],"period":"2011","period_en":"2011","style_fr":"contemporain","style_en":"contemporary","layer_fr":null,"layer_en":null,"desc_fr":"Plus grand centre scientifique des pays baltes (≈ 11 156 m²).","desc_en":"Largest science centre in the Baltic states (≈ 11,156 m²).","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"source-document-approximate","anchoredTo":"institution (no separate building item on Wikidata)"}},{"id":"lieu/tartu-tigutorn","city":"Tartu","type":"Residence","name":"Tigutorn","name_en":"Snail Tower","name_fr":"« Tour de l'escargot »","wikidata":"Q3742282","lat":58.376524,"lon":26.735916,"address":"Turu 1 (à confirmer), Tartu","architects":[{"id":"org/kunnapu-padrik","name":"Künnapu & Padrik"}],"period":"2008","period_en":"2008","style_fr":"contemporain","style_en":"contemporary","layer_fr":null,"layer_en":null,"desc_fr":"Tour de logements de ≈ 90 m (23 étages), silhouette en coquille d'escargot.","desc_en":"Residential tower of ≈ 90 m (23 storeys) with a snail-shell silhouette.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/tartu-tasku-keskus","city":"Tartu","type":"ShoppingCenter","name":"Tasku keskus","name_en":"Tasku","name_fr":"Centre commercial Tasku","wikidata":"Q12376572","lat":58.377894,"lon":26.730572,"address":"Turu 2, 51004 Tartu","architects":[{"id":"person/kalle-roomus","name":"Kalle Rõõmus"}],"period":"2008","period_en":"2008","style_fr":"contemporain","style_en":"contemporary","layer_fr":null,"layer_en":null,"desc_fr":"Complexe commercial et de congrès marquant le réaménagement du front de l'Emajõgi.","desc_en":"Retail and conference complex marking the redevelopment of the Emajõgi riverfront.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/tartu-delta-keskus","city":"Tartu","type":"GovernmentBuilding","name":"Delta keskus","name_en":"Delta Centre","name_fr":"Centre Delta (Université de Tartu)","wikidata":"Q138847590","lat":58.381,"lon":26.726,"address":"Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu","architects":[{"id":"org/arhitekt-11","name":"Arhitekt 11"}],"period":"2019–2020","period_en":"2019–2020","style_fr":"contemporain","style_en":"contemporary","layer_fr":null,"layer_en":null,"desc_fr":"« Bâtiment de l'année 2019 » à Tartu (plan triangulaire = « Delta »).","desc_en":"\"Building of the Year 2019\" in Tartu (triangular plan = \"Delta\").","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"source-document-approximate"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-kristaus-prisikelimo-bazilika","city":"Kaunas","type":"Church","name":"Kristaus Prisikėlimo bazilika","name_en":"Christ's Resurrection Church","name_fr":"Basilique de la Résurrection du Christ","wikidata":"Q3435652","lat":54.902644,"lon":23.916921,"address":"Žemaičių g. 31A, Žaliakalnis, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/karolis-reisonas","name":"Karolis Reisonas"}],"period":"1934 (achevée 2004–2005)","period_en":"1934 (completed 2004–2005)","style_fr":"modernisme monumental","style_en":"monumental Modernism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Monument-manifeste du modernisme kaunasien, votif à l'indépendance. UNESCO.","desc_en":"Manifesto monument of Kaunas modernism, a votive to independence. UNESCO.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-vytauto-didziojo-karo-muziejus-m-k-ciurlionio-dailes-","city":"Kaunas","type":"Museum","name":"Vytauto Didžiojo karo muziejus / M. K. Čiurlionio dailės muziejus","name_en":"Vytautas the Great War Museum","name_fr":null,"wikidata":"Q3267398","lat":54.9,"lon":23.9119,"address":"K. Donelaičio g. 64/65, place Vienybės, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/vladimiras-dubeneckis","name":"Vladimiras Dubeneckis"},{"id":"person/karolis-reisonas","name":"Karolis Reisonas"},{"id":"person/kazys-krisciukaitis","name":"Kazys Kriščiukaitis"}],"period":"1930–1936","period_en":"1930–1936","style_fr":"modernisme national","style_en":"national Modernism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Ensemble civique-mémoriel central (musée de la guerre + musée d'art Čiurlionis). UNESCO, EHL.","desc_en":"Central civic and memorial ensemble (war museum + Čiurlionis art museum). UNESCO, EHL.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-kauno-centrinis-pastas","city":"Kaunas","type":"GovernmentBuilding","name":"Kauno centrinis paštas","name_en":"Kaunas Central Post Office","name_fr":"Poste centrale de Kaunas","wikidata":"Q97366999","lat":54.898056,"lon":23.904444,"address":"Laisvės alėja 102, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/feliksas-vizbaras","name":"Feliksas Vizbaras"}],"period":"1930–1932","period_en":"1930–1932","style_fr":"style national + fonctionnalisme","style_en":"national style + Functionalism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Chef-d'œuvre du modernisme « optimiste », intérieur d'inspiration vernaculaire. UNESCO, EHL.","desc_en":"Masterpiece of \"optimistic\" modernism, with a vernacular-inspired interior. UNESCO, EHL.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-lietuvos-banko-rumai","city":"Kaunas","type":"LandmarksOrHistoricalBuildings","name":"Lietuvos banko rūmai","name_en":"The Bank of Lithuania building in Kaunas","name_fr":"Banque de Lituanie (siège de Kaunas)","wikidata":"Q120484756","lat":54.899,"lon":23.909472,"address":"Maironio g. 25, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/mykolas-songaila","name":"Mykolas Songaila"}],"period":"1925–1928","period_en":"1925–1928","style_fr":"néoclassicisme / Art déco","style_en":"Neoclassicism / Art Deco","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Affirmation de la souveraineté monétaire du jeune État. UNESCO.","desc_en":"Affirmation of the young state's monetary sovereignty. UNESCO.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-kauno-igulos-karininku-ramove","city":"Kaunas","type":"LandmarksOrHistoricalBuildings","name":"Kauno įgulos karininkų ramovė","name_en":"Kaunas Garrison Officers' Club Building","name_fr":"Cercle des officiers de la garnison","wikidata":"Q12660051","lat":54.896667,"lon":23.916944,"address":"A. Mickevičiaus g. 19, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/stasys-kudokas","name":"Stasys Kudokas"},{"id":"person/kazys-krisciukaitis","name":"Kazys Kriščiukaitis"},{"id":"person/jonas-kova-kovalskis","name":"Jonas Kova-Kovalskis"}],"period":"1935–1937","period_en":"1935–1937","style_fr":"modernisme national","style_en":"national Modernism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Lieu de représentation de l'armée lituanienne, attenant au musée de la Guerre. UNESCO, EHL.","desc_en":"Representative venue of the Lithuanian army, adjoining the War Museum. UNESCO, EHL.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-pienocentro-rumai","city":"Kaunas","type":"LandmarksOrHistoricalBuildings","name":"Pienocentro rūmai","name_en":null,"name_fr":"Siège Pienocentras (centrale laitière)","wikidata":"Q120484763","lat":54.89704,"lon":23.91384,"address":"Laisvės al. 55, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/vytautas-landsbergis-zemkalnis","name":"Vytautas Landsbergis-Žemkalnis"}],"period":"1931–1934","period_en":"1931–1934","style_fr":"fonctionnalisme","style_en":"Functionalism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Vitrine de l'économie coopérative (le beurre finançait l'État). UNESCO, EHL.","desc_en":"Showcase of the cooperative economy (butter financed the state). UNESCO, EHL.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata","sourceDocumentCoordGap_m":565}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-pazanga-rumai","city":"Kaunas","type":"LandmarksOrHistoricalBuildings","name":"„Pažanga\" rūmai","name_en":"Pažanga corporation building","name_fr":"Siège de la société Pažanga","wikidata":"Q136468820","lat":null,"lon":null,"address":"Laisvės al. 53, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/feliksas-vizbaras","name":"Feliksas Vizbaras"}],"period":"1934","period_en":"1934","style_fr":"fonctionnalisme / Art déco","style_en":"Functionalism / Art Deco","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Siège de la société éditrice liée au parti au pouvoir. UNESCO, EHL.","desc_en":"Headquarters of the publishing company linked to the ruling party. UNESCO, EHL.","verification":{"status":"anchored"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-kauno-miesto-savivaldybe","city":"Kaunas","type":"GovernmentBuilding","name":"Kauno miesto savivaldybė","name_en":null,"name_fr":"Mairie (ancienne Caisse d'épargne de l'État)","wikidata":"Q97577693","lat":54.898142,"lon":23.90635,"address":"Laisvės al. 96, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/arnas-funkas","name":"Arnas Funkas"},{"id":"person/adolfas-lukosaitis","name":"Adolfas Lukošaitis"},{"id":"person/bronius-elsbergas","name":"Bronius Elsbergas"}],"period":"1940","period_en":"1940","style_fr":"fonctionnalisme tardif","style_en":"late Functionalism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Clôture chronologique de « l'architecture de l'optimisme ». UNESCO, EHL.","desc_en":"Chronological endpoint of \"the architecture of optimism\". UNESCO, EHL.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-lsmu-centriniai-rumai","city":"Kaunas","type":"GovernmentBuilding","name":"LSMU centriniai rūmai","name_en":null,"name_fr":"Université des sciences de la santé (ex-faculté de médecine VMU)","wikidata":null,"lat":54.898,"lon":23.916,"address":"A. Mickevičiaus g. 9, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/vladimiras-dubeneckis","name":"Vladimiras Dubeneckis"}],"period":"1933","period_en":"1933","style_fr":"modernisme national","style_en":"national Modernism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Équipement universitaire majeur de la capitale provisoire. UNESCO, EHL.","desc_en":"Major university facility of the provisional capital. UNESCO, EHL.","verification":{"status":"no-wikidata-item","coordSource":"source-document-approximate"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-kauno-apskrities-viesoji-biblioteka","city":"Kaunas","type":"Library","name":"Kauno apskrities viešoji biblioteka","name_en":null,"name_fr":"Bibliothèque (ex-Chambre de commerce)","wikidata":null,"lat":54.898,"lon":23.915,"address":"K. Donelaičio g. 8, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/vytautas-landsbergis-zemkalnis","name":"Vytautas Landsbergis-Žemkalnis"}],"period":"1938","period_en":"1938","style_fr":"fonctionnalisme","style_en":"Functionalism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Siège de la vie économique organisée de l'entre-deux-guerres. UNESCO, EHL.","desc_en":"Seat of organised economic life in the interwar period. UNESCO, EHL.","verification":{"status":"no-wikidata-item","coordSource":"source-document-approximate"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-lietuvos-sporto-universitetas","city":"Kaunas","type":"GovernmentBuilding","name":"Lietuvos sporto universitetas","name_en":"Lithuanian Sports University","name_fr":"Université du sport (ex-Palais de la culture physique)","wikidata":"Q826358","lat":54.898333,"lon":23.934444,"address":"Sporto g. 6, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/vytautas-landsbergis-zemkalnis","name":"Vytautas Landsbergis-Žemkalnis"}],"period":"1934","period_en":"1934","style_fr":"fonctionnalisme","style_en":"Functionalism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Incarne le culte interbellum du corps et de la nation. UNESCO, EHL.","desc_en":"Embodies the interwar cult of the body and the nation. UNESCO, EHL.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata","sourceDocumentCoordGap_m":278,"anchoredTo":"institution (no separate building item on Wikidata)"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-kauno-sporto-hale","city":"Kaunas","type":"StadiumOrArena","name":"Kauno sporto halė","name_en":"Kaunas Sports Hall","name_fr":"Halle des sports de Kaunas","wikidata":"Q1483787","lat":54.896111,"lon":23.935833,"address":"Perkūno al. 5, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/anatolijus-rozenbliumas","name":"Anatolijus Rozenbliumas"}],"period":"1938–1939","period_en":"1938–1939","style_fr":"fonctionnalisme utilitaire","style_en":"utilitarian Functionalism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Première grande salle couverte du pays, championnat d'Europe de basket 1939. UNESCO, EHL.","desc_en":"The country's first large indoor arena, 1939 European Basketball Championship. UNESCO, EHL.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-kauno-mecete","city":"Kaunas","type":"Mosque","name":"Kauno mečetė","name_en":"Kaunas Mosque","name_fr":"Mosquée de Kaunas (Vytautas-le-Grand)","wikidata":"Q595176","lat":54.894167,"lon":23.928056,"address":"Totorių g. 6, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/vaclovas-michnevicius","name":"Vaclovas Michnevičius"},{"id":"person/adolfas-netyksa","name":"Adolfas Netyksa"}],"period":"1930–1933","period_en":"1930–1933","style_fr":"modernisme à vocabulaire islamique","style_en":"Modernism with Islamic vocabulary","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Seule mosquée en maçonnerie des pays baltes, pour le 500e anniversaire de Vytautas. UNESCO.","desc_en":"The only masonry mosque in the Baltic states, built for Vytautas's 500th anniversary. UNESCO.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-svc-jezaus-sirdies-baznycia","city":"Kaunas","type":"Church","name":"Švč. Jėzaus Širdies bažnyčia","name_en":"Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Šančiai","name_fr":"Église du Sacré-Cœur (Šančiai)","wikidata":"Q16455781","lat":54.871611,"lon":23.9385,"address":"A. Juozapavičiaus pr. 60, Šančiai, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/algirdas-salkauskis","name":"Algirdas Šalkauskis"},{"id":"person/adolfas-netyksa","name":"Adolfas Netyksa"}],"period":"1935–1938","period_en":"1935–1938","style_fr":"fonctionnalisme religieux","style_en":"religious Functionalism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Fonctionnalisme appliqué au culte, prouesse structurelle de coque. UNESCO.","desc_en":"Functionalism applied to worship, a structural feat of shell construction. UNESCO.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata","sourceDocumentCoordGap_m":831}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-kauno-valstybine-filharmonija","city":"Kaunas","type":"MusicVenue","name":"Kauno valstybinė filharmonija","name_en":"Kaunas State Philharmonic","name_fr":"Philharmonie (ex-Palais de la Justice et du Parlement)","wikidata":"Q12660019","lat":54.899167,"lon":23.905833,"address":"L. Sapiegos g. 5, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/edmundas-alfonsas-frykas","name":"Edmundas Alfonsas Frykas"}],"period":"1925–1928/1929","period_en":"1925–1928/1929","style_fr":"néoclassicisme / modernisme national","style_en":"Neoclassicism / national Modernism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Siège du Seimas de la capitale provisoire, aujourd'hui première salle de concert de Kaunas. UNESCO.","desc_en":"Seat of the Seimas in the provisional capital, now Kaunas's main concert hall. UNESCO.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-zaliakalnio-funikulierius","city":"Kaunas","type":"CivicStructure","name":"Žaliakalnio funikulierius","name_en":"Žaliakalnis Funicular Railway","name_fr":"Funiculaire de Žaliakalnis","wikidata":"Q3435987","lat":54.9008,"lon":23.9175,"address":"Aušros g. 6, Kaunas","architects":[],"period":"1931","period_en":"1931","style_fr":"infrastructure moderniste","style_en":"modernist infrastructure","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Funiculaire historique toujours en service. UNESCO, EHL.","desc_en":"Historic funicular still in service. UNESCO, EHL.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata","sourceDocumentCoordGap_m":164}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-aleksoto-funikulierius","city":"Kaunas","type":"CivicStructure","name":"Aleksoto funikulierius","name_en":"Aleksotas Funicular Railway","name_fr":"Funiculaire d'Aleksotas","wikidata":"Q4716040","lat":54.891111,"lon":23.886944,"address":"Amerikos lietuvių g. 6, Kaunas","architects":[],"period":"1935","period_en":"1935","style_fr":"infrastructure moderniste","style_en":"modernist infrastructure","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Second funiculaire interbellum, panorama sur la vieille ville. UNESCO, EHL.","desc_en":"Second interwar funicular, with a panorama over the Old Town. UNESCO, EHL.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata","sourceDocumentCoordGap_m":675}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-sugiharos-namai","city":"Kaunas","type":"Museum","name":"Sugiharos namai","name_en":"Sugihara House","name_fr":"Maison Sugihara","wikidata":"Q47416834","lat":54.906,"lon":23.917,"address":"Vaižganto g. 30, Žaliakalnis, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/juozas-milvydas","name":"Juozas Milvydas"}],"period":"1939","period_en":"1939","style_fr":"fonctionnalisme","style_en":"Functionalism","layer_fr":"Strate 1 — Modernisme de l'entre-deux-guerres (1919–1939)","layer_en":"Layer 1 — Interwar modernism (1919–1939)","desc_fr":"Ancien consulat où Chiune Sugihara délivra des milliers de visas à des Juifs en 1940. UNESCO.","desc_en":"Former consulate where Chiune Sugihara issued thousands of visas to Jews in 1940. 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Donelaičio g. 16, Kaunas","architects":[{"id":"person/liucija-gedgaudiene","name":"Liucija Gedgaudienė"},{"id":"person/jonas-navakas","name":"Jonas Navakas"}],"period":"1979","period_en":"1979","style_fr":"brutalisme","style_en":"Brutalism","layer_fr":"Strate 2 — Période soviétique (1945–1990)","layer_en":"Layer 2 — Soviet period (1945–1990)","desc_fr":"Brutalisme tardif soviétique ; a longtemps abrité une section Fluxus/George Maciunas.","desc_en":"Late Soviet Brutalism; long housed a Fluxus / George Maciunas section.","verification":{"status":"anchored","coordSource":"wikidata","anchoredTo":"institution (no separate building item on Wikidata)"}},{"id":"lieu/kaunas-mykolo-zilinsko-dailes-galerija","city":"Kaunas","type":"Museum","name":"Mykolo Žilinsko dailės galerija","name_en":"Mykolo Žilinsko dailės galerija","name_fr":"Galerie d'art Mykolas Žilinskas","wikidata":"Q16465162","lat":54.896331,"lon":23.920692,"address":"Nepriklausomybės aikštė 12, 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